The "Santo Stefano" was not the only battleship that sank Rizzo, last year he had sunk the battleship smaller Coast Guard "Wien."
I've always admired the bold individuals, those seeking to improve what is already known and embark on new projects, even at the risk of failure and criticism. Maybe so, from young always admired the figure of Luigi Rizzo.
Rizzo Lieutenant Commander of the Royal Italian Navy made history by sinking of the battleship Szent István. In summary, Luigi Rizzo sent a formation of two torpedo boats, the MAS and the MAS-15-21, when she went to Austro-Hungarian training consisting of two battleships and several destroyers that sailed through the Strait of Otranto. It was 0330 hours of the day June 10, 1918, and the small silhouettes of the boats tied to the darkness of the night, made these pass unnoticed (some MAS could even add electric motors to not be heard in these approximations).
Profile "MAS-15," drawn by Joe Hinds.
Rizzo was able to fire two torpedoes of 450 mm from the MAS-15 to pleasure a few meters from Szent István Battleship, who fatally shot would sink the next morning. This represented a revolution in naval history as a tiny wooden boat had sunk to one of the most powerful battleships of the era, and could return to base unharmed.
For more impact, the images of the sinking of the Szent István were recorded on film and went around the world (you can see on the Internet), which led to the action of great significance.
Boats MAS (Anti Motoscafo Sommergibile ) were designed by SVAN (Societa Veneziana motor Navali) using primarily for gasoline powered engines purchased in the U.S., for more install later developed Società Isotta Fraschini offered more power. That is why the name of these boats can be called a mistake, because at the low speed that developed the first units were relegated to these anti-submarine missions, hence the name that will not change.
The first torpedo boats were possible after the onset of the first internal combustion engines, on the one hand, and development of the Whitehead torpedo other. The torpedo boats or simply "torpedo", called by the whites as "Torpedo Boats" had long existed, and had its counterpart in vessels specially designed to fight against them, the "anti-torpedo" or "hunting" torpedo ", which later would become internationally known as" destroyers ", following a English named the" Destroyer. "
why we should not confuse the concept of "torpedo" or "Torpedo Boat ", larger vessels that existed since the days of steam, so-called "torpedo boats", known by the English as " Motor Torpedo Boats (MTB), born with internal combustion engines.
This introduction helps us go back to the early twentieth century, and into the area we want addressed in this section.
The first British torpedo boats.
The English like the Italians, they relied from the outset in the military value that could have this kind of light boats in the future, then confirmed by the success of the MAS. The Admiralty wanted to realize his idea of \u200b\u200bhaving small, fast torpedo boats armed with torpedoes to 18 inches large units could attack the German Navy anchored in their harbors. These agile ships of shallow draft would have no problem to bypass U-boats and minefields.
In the pictures above, several aspects of the CMB-4 which is preserved in the museum at Duxford.
To remedy its short range of these boats would be transported to the vicinity of the enemy bases by fast light cruisers. Having to be flown in this type of vessel, displacement of the fast boats could not be greater than 4.2 tonnes, as this was the maximum weight they could lift davits British light cruisers of the time.
John Thornycroft was built in 1910 his speedboat "Miranda-IV" 25 feet considered worldwide as the first " hydroplane" or whatever it is, the first boat that got hydroplaning. Powered by a 120 HP engine achieved a speed of 35 knots.
based precisely on his speedboat "Miranda-IV", Thornycroft proposed to the Admiralty a 40-foot boat built in Mahogany (mahogany species), and powered by a gasoline engine . Upon acceptance of this model would be built 39 units of it to be known with the name of CMB 40 ft ( Coastal Motor Boat 40 ft).
A year later, in 1917 Thornycroft produce a stretched version known as CMB 55 ft, powered by two Thornycroft V-12 engines.
The CMBS would mount various types of engines, the CMBS 55ft Thornycroft Y12-powered 350-HP, Green 18 450 HP and 450 HP Sunbeam, exceed in excess of 40 knots maximum speed.
addition to torpedoes, some units would mount depth charges, even while others were designed to work carrying limpet mines mining "M Sinker."
Among the most prominent of the British boats, we can mention the June 1919 when the "CMB-4 (which is preserved in the museum at Duxford, England) managed to sink the Soviet cruiser" Oleg " getting away under heavy fire. In August 1919, a flotilla of CMBS managed to sink the battleship "Azov Pamiat" the battleship "Petropavlosk" and seriously damage the battleship "Andrei Pervozvanny." The British suffer losses in this action of the "CMB-79", "CMB-24" and "CMB-62", a poor tribute to the severe damage caused to the Soviets.
The CMBS receipt of Tenant's maritime Tobacco Company. In September 1921, the English Ministry of Finance took the decision to allow the renewal of the fleet of maritime surveillance of the CAT (Lessee Tobacco Company), which had leased the monopoly in 1887, and given the formation of a monitoring service to pursue land and sea smuggling. The business of smuggling organizations after the war had increased significantly, and the old ships of the "Tobacco" could not fight effectively against newer boats.
It then begins the construction of two types of vessels with diesel engines (another new feature in Spain), Class "Inspector" and those smaller class "cruise." But also the CAT decides to go further, and purchased directly from Britain or gangster Revolution, the CMB in Class (Coastal Motor Boat), attracted mainly by the high speed these boats could be developed.
The caption above the image reads: "Boarding the boats" H-IV "," HV "and" H "VI" of Thornycroft for STM (English Tobacco Monopoly) Castelar the ship. "Unfortunately the little information that accompanies this photograph taken in London, given that it was made in 1922 or 1923, thus we are not certain what year exactly. Of all However this picture is very important to us because it certifies the shipment of these CMBS from 40 feet to the CAT
Although unfortunately not much information for now we can bring about the tobacco CMBS, at least we want to record Step by Spain of such craft, as even nearly all English naval historians have Forgot to address this issue.
As we shall explain below all the ex-"CMBS" which became part of the fleet of CAT, were boats that had previously belonged to the Royal Navy, and after the First World War had Thornycroft shipyard acquired and refurbished. There is no evidence and detailed some of which were exactly the preceding paragraphs of such units, or even the total number of them which can vary between seven and nine, according to sources.
the absence of information in this regard, we went to the prestigious British historian GH Hudson, a specialist of the highest level this matter, which kindly forwarded their findings.
Hudson in his report, speaks of a manuscript of the Thornycroft company itself which refers to three 40-foot boat, the "CMB-41", "CMB-48" and "CMB-44 "which were updated in the yard itself and which, among other reforms, they were replaced its original Fiat engine for a V12 Thornycroft. At the end of this manuscript adds "numbered from HI to H-VII" and also "in Malaga on 14/01/1923." No doubt that this manuscript we will give the highest credibility because it comes from their own yards, and that draw the conclusion that the CAT received at least seven CMBS, three of which were at least 40 feet.
The above picture was published in the magazine Black and White on December 3, 1922. Next to steam "No. 1" of the CAT points docked in Barcelona, \u200b\u200bpoke two distinctive type boat prows CMB.
Following the report of Hudson, two vessels acquired by Thornycroft also may have been sold to the CAT, the "CMB-43" and "CMB-60."
Another document referred to other three vessels acquired by Thornycroft in 1921, "CMB-15", "CMB-37" and "CMB-68", which were subsequently sold to the STM (English Tobacco Monopoly), ie, the CAT These three last belonged to 55-foot model.
Ultimately, and inasmuch as the Hudson report is detailed and comprehensive so, not wishing to bore the reader, we are left with the conclusions he comes this historian after analyzing the different vessels acquired by Thornycroft different owners.
According to him, it is likely that vessels acquired by the tobacco English were originally a total of seven, as well as the documentation states own shipyard. Of these seven units checked by Thornycroft, create almost certain that they were three boats of 40 feet, ex-"CMBS" 41, 48 and 44, with construction numbers 1840 to 1842. The three 55-foot Hudson would be as the former "CMBS" 15, 37 and 68, with construction numbers 1845 to 1847.
The seventh and last boat estimates that could have been another 40 feet, the "CMB-43" or the "CMB-55", but the historian is inclined to think that for various reasons, are more likely The seventh boat had been the "CMB-55."
It must be assumed that efforts to overhaul and fine-tuning of these units prior to delivery to the maritime service of the CAT, all of them will be removed the rails and other elements necessary for launching torpedoes it would be unnecessarily burdensome for their new mission. The acquisition of these vessels would be finally approved by the RO on May 8, 1922.
also other information which records the change of the engines of all vessels, receiving the CMBS 55-foot twin-engine 250 HP Thornycroft "V12" instead of the originals, and the same model and power, each 40 feet. Thus the first reach a top speed of 35.2 knots and 33.4 knots the latter.
In the book "Tobacco Snuff and stagnation in Spain 1636-1998", its authors, Don Francisco Comin Comin and Don Pablo Martin Aceña, maintain that as the Minutes of the Governing Body of the CAT, were commissioned to Thornycroft, 3 Hydro * 40 feet, and 6 of 55 feet. Similarly the claim that in early 1923, the Maritime Security Service had received the CAT and three hydro Thornycroft 40 feet and three from 55 feet.
In this bad image of the magazine World Chart November 29, 1922, you can see just next to the steam "No. 1" of the CAT two boats appear to be ex-CMBS 55-foot .
therefore appears to be safe and proven that at least 3-CAT CMBS available 55ft, 40ft and 3 CMBS, though possibly receive any more, as according to the Minutes of the Governing Body of the CAT, is approved the purchase of 6 units of 55ft CMB. Therefore, if approved, is carried out, the total CMBS who served in the CAT have been 9 units.
latter amount could be confirmed if we indeed Thornycroft documentary sources, all credit worthy, which stand at the Malaga 7 CMBS January 14, 1923 as newcomers. Then on the other hand there are graphic evidence (World magazine and Black and White Figure) that in late 1922 and in Barcelona were two CMBS possibly 55ft model. So adding those two to the other seven, we give the total of nine sources with the CAT were purchased for sea service.
As our beloved historian and friend Don Juan Luis Coello Lillo, at the end of 1925 three of these boats (probably three in 55 feet), which were in Manchester, went to the Navy, being reviewed in Cartagena and towed Arsenal to Barcelona in early 1926, to serve in the Naval Air Force, replacing the previous boats "H" (five ex-British vessels of ML type of the First World War, built in the U.S. by the renowned firm ELCO, the Electric Launch Company of Bayonne, New Jersey, serving with the Navy between 1921 and 1925). He also believes Don Juan Luis most likely will transfer to the Navy three boats of 40 feet, because in 1931 there were four boats "H" in the administrative process for disposal by the Admiralty, and was not the "ML" original and disappeared many years earlier.
Navy appears that these boats were named "H-1" to "H-6", which, curiously, the same as those taken into the CAT, with the difference that in this the numbers were Romans (ie, the "HI" to "M-VI).
addition, the Conway Maritime Press in its publication "All The World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946", notes also the existence of 6 CMBS in the English Navy.
On the other hand, in his book "Chronicle of the English naval aviation, and Rafael de la Guardia Pascual de POBIL, refer to the passage of these vessels by the Navy, ... "To monitor the smuggling of war with Morocco, the Navy acquired the Tabacalera three speedboats patent" Thornycroft, a British source ... "and then refers to other ... "Speedboats Tabacalera acquired for the service of the Naval Aviation School of Barcelona". "These boats were assigned in late November, as an endowment, a Navy lieutenant, a Master or crew after two mechanical and two sailors. The three boats were in 3rd position from 1 December. "All that happened during 1925.
The small footprint left by these vessels in Spain, of which there are hardly any references, perhaps because a few years they were on active duty. Juan Luis Coello Lillo informs us that in 1931 there were four boats "H" in the administrative process for disposal by the Ministry of the Navy, so we can deduce that they were just five years ago those who served in the Navy. Less still should be the time that the ex-"CMBS" were part of the surveillance maritime Tenant Tobacco Company.
Perhaps its short lifespan could be due between other causes, to its propulsion system, trusted the first gasoline engines not very refined and also forced to work at very high speeds. These were designed as torpedo boats, to intervene in specific attacks and not for a continuous daily monitoring service that is sure to soon shorten the life of their engines.
As we said earlier, though so far not much information we could find on this type of boat, we felt it was important to make it known given that as we discussed the history Navy has completely forgotten this fact, even the historians who have written about the English Armada. Let alone the difficulty of finding data on the maritime service of the CAT, for which there is no single book published. However further research, I am sure that someday we will find more information, "he who seeks finds."
This article has been published in magazines Kampania Russian Morskaya, at No. 100 of the Okrety Wojenne Polish and the English Navy General Magazine.
Highlights of CMB 40 feet Length: 13.7 meters.
Beam: 2.6 meters.
Draft: 0.8 meters.
Displacement: 5 tons.
Engine: Thornycroft engine mounted Originally, Fiat or Green gas between 250 and 275 HP, depending on the unit. Which were delivered to the CAT were engined with a Thornycroft engine V-12 gasoline 250 HP.
Maximum speed: 33.4 knots.
Armament: Originally were armed with a 18-inch torpedo, and from 2 to 4 .303 caliber Lewis machine guns. All armament and torpedo launch system they were removed to the units to the CAT.
The pilot house is approximate profile, the CAT certainly would be something different, so other boats should be identical to that of the drawing.
Features of the CMB of 55 feet Length: 18.3 meters.
Beam: 3.4 meters.
Draft: 0.9 meters.
Propulsion: 2 Thornycroft petrol engines of 250 HP to two propellers.
Speed: 35.2 knots.
Hull: Constructed of Mahogany wood (mahogany range).
Displacement: 11 tons.
Armament: Originally were armed with two 18-inch torpedo, depth charges and 4 .303 caliber Lewis machine guns.
* The displacement and velocity are the CMBS data from the Royal Navy, but presumably that necessary for the CAT, once deprived of all their weapons, had a significantly smaller displacement, and therefore higher speeds.
* The fact that the CAT call this type of boats with the generic name of "hydroplane" or simply "hydro" surely comes from the name under which initially met in England this type of boat, "Hydroplane ." Do not forget that these were the first combat units of the story that could reach planing speeds. Therefore, this term at all what we have to translate in Spain so we understand how "Seaplane", which in Britain would be called " seaplane.
In the short video that shows you can see some CMBS 55ft of the Royal Navy.